France’s Council of State has suspended a controversial ban on Muslim women’s full-body swimsuit, known as burkini, which has stirred anger among Muslims and split government officials.
The highest administrative authority in France issued the ruling after an appeal by the League of Human Rights to overturn the burkini ban in the town of Villeneuve-Loubet on the grounds that it violates the basic freedoms of dress, religious expression and movement.
The decree banning burkinis in Villeneuve-Loubet "seriously, and clearly illegally, breached the fundamental freedoms to come and go, the freedom of beliefs and individual freedom," the court said in a statement on Friday.
Villeneuve-Loubet is one of 15 towns in France that have imposed such a ban. The ruling by the Council of State will provide a legal precedent for towns to follow.
One mayor in Corsica said he would not suspend his own ban. “There's a lot of tension here and I won't withdraw my decree,” said Sisco mayor Ange-Pierre Vivoni.
The court ruling is not likely to put a quick end to the heated controversy in France that coincides with early campaigning for the April 2017 presidential election. Pictures and a video recently emerged of French police showing officers enforcing the ban by making a woman take off an item of clothing. This intensified the controversy and prompted widespread anger.
The burkini ban has split senior members of the French government with Prime Minister Manuel Valls and Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve reiterating their support for mayors who have banned the burkini. Education Minister Najat Vallaud-Belkacem, however, says bans on the garment are politically motivated.
‘Victory for common sense’
The French Council of the Muslim Faith (CFCM) praised the court’s decision as a "victory for common sense."
"This victory for common sense will help to take the tension out of a situation which has become very tense for our Muslim compatriots, especially women," said the CFCM secretary general Abdallah Zekri.
Amnesty International has also welcomed the court ruling.
"By overturning a discriminatory ban that is fuelled by and is fuelling prejudice and intolerance, today's decision has drawn an important line in the sand," said John Dalhuisen, Amnesty's director for Europe. "French authorities must now drop the pretence that these measures do anything to protect the rights of women."
"These bans do nothing to increase public safety but do a lot to promote public humiliation," Dalhuisen said.
Lionnel Luca, the mayor of Villeneuve-Loubet, said: "This decision, far from pacifying, will serve only to heighten tensions which will carry risks of trouble which we wanted to avoid."The ban "constituted a serious and manifestly illegal infringement of fundamental liberties", it said, ruling that mayors "may only restrict freedoms if there are confirmed risks" to public safety, which it said was not the case with the burkini.
The State Council's judgment suspended a ban in the Riviera resort of Villeneuve-Loubet and set a legal precedent for about 30 other towns that have also prohibited the full-body swimsuit worn by a minority of Muslim women.
The council ruled that mayors overstepped their powers by introducing the bans this month amid growing anxiety over security after a series of terrorist attacks including the Bastille Day massacre of 86 people in Nice.
"The emotion and the anxieties resulting from the terrorist attacks and especially the one committed in Nice on July 14, are not sufficient to justify legally the prohibition," the judgement said.
Lionnel Luca, the mayor of Villeneuve-Loubet, said: "This decision, far from pacifying, will serve only to heighten tensions which will carry risks of trouble which we wanted to avoid."The ban "constituted a serious and manifestly illegal infringement of fundamental liberties", it said, ruling that mayors "may only restrict freedoms if there are confirmed risks" to public safety, which it said was not the case with the burkini.
He argued that the judgment was inconsistent as another Riviera town, Mandelieu-la-Napoule, introduced an identical ban in 2013 that was never contested.
"Rampant Islamism has been gaining ground. With this ruling it has gained some more," Mr Luca added.
He said he would comply with the ruling, but other local authorities, including the mayor of Sisco, in Corsica, vowed to maintain their bans.
"This judgment does not affect us here because we had a fight over it [the burkini]," said Ange-Pierre Vivoni, referring to a brawl on a beach in Sisco on August 13 which preceded the ban.
Mayors who contest the ban will be backed by Nicolas Sarkozy, the former conservative president who introduced France's ban on the Islamic full-face veil five years ago.
He demanded a nationwide burkini ban this week, placing Islam, immigration and security at the heart of his campaign to win back power from the Socialists in elections next year.
An ally of Mr Sarkozy, Guillaume Larrivé, said: "We support 100 per cent the mayors who introduced bans."
He said parliament could still pass a law banning the burkini, which a poll suggested would be backed by two-thirds of French people.
Florian Philippot, deputy leader of the far-Right Front National, accused Mr Sarkozy of "poaching ideas from the FN to dupe our voters into backing him".
Support for the bans is not confined to the Right.
The Socialist prime minister, Manuel Valls, has described the burkini as a "symbol of the enslavement of women" unacceptable under France's secular constitution.
"Denouncing the burkini is not jeopardising an individual freedom. There is no freedom that locks up women! It's denouncing a deadly, backward Islam," he wrote on his Facebook page on Friday.
However, opponents of the bans, who include the Moroccan-born education minister, Najat Vallaud-Belkacem, have argued that they only served to fuel a racist political agenda as the election campaign kicks off.
The court's decision was welcomed by the French Muslim Council, which described it as a "victory for the law and wisdom ... that should make it possible to reduce tension".
Feiza Ben Mohamed of a Muslim group based in Nice said it "gives Muslim women back their dignity".
Asked if it meant burkini-clad women would throng the town's beach, she laughed and said: "There were hardly any there before the ban so I don't see why they should turn up there now."
There was outrage in Britain and around the world after photographs emerged showing armed police apparently compelling a woman on a beach in Nice to remove a long-sleeved top - although she was not in a burkini.
Mayors of the towns that prohibited the Islamic swimsuit justified the bans on the grounds of public order and safety, hygiene or secularism.
Religion and public life are strictly separated in France, which was the first European country to ban the Islamic full-face veil in 2011.
However, few women in France wear the veil or the burkini, and only two towns, Nice and Cannes, have fined women for wearing it.
Amnesty International praised the court's ruling. "By overturning a discriminatory ban that is fuelled by and is fuelling prejudice and intolerance, today's decision has drawn an important line in the sand," said John Dalhuisen, its Europe director.
Critics compared the enforcement of the ban to repression in Saudi Arabia and Iran, where religious police enforce strict dress codes on women.
Some rights groups have said the new bans amounted to "collective punishment" of Muslims after the terror attacks amid growing friction over immigration.
Terrorism analysts warned that the bans were feeding jihadist propaganda and could help Isil recruit new members.
Marine Le Pen, leader of the FN, described the court's ruling as "obviously regrettable but not surprising."
She urged parliament to vote to ban the burkini "in order to protect women, secularism and our way of life."
With the exception of the prime minister, the ruling was welcomed by the Socialists.
Razzy Hammadi, the party spokesman, said he hoped it would "put an end to this nasty controversy".
